How to Draw Foundation Plan on Sheet

Appendices

Calculations to check whether a proposed site will back up a building

If there is doubt whether the soil at a proposed site will back up a building (see folio 18) it may be necessary to estimate both the weight of the planned building and the weight-begetting chapters of the soil. This section contains step-by-step directions and tables for both these estimates.

IMPORTANT Annotation: The weight of a planned building cannot exist estimated until the builders accept decided:

• its size and shape;

• what its walls will be made of and how thick they volition exist;

• what kind of roof it will have.

Calculating A Building'Due south WEIGHT PER Foursquare METER

Several calculations must be made to estimate a building's weight per square meter. For the purposes of interpretation, figure that:

Equation 1.

Weight per foursquare meter = [ weight of longest wall (kg) + weight of roof supported by longest wall (kg) ] / length of longest wall (chiliad)

To notice the weight per square meter, therefore, the planner first needs to determine each of the 3 items on the right side of Equation 1. Follow these steps:

STEP 1. Enter the planned length of the longest wall in Equation 1:

Equation 1.

STEP 2. Calculate the weight of the longest wall.

Equation i.

(a) Use the post-obit equation to determine the weight of the longest wall:

Equation two

(b) Utilise Table A to find the weight per sq. meter for every centimeter of wall thickness of the textile with which the building's walls will be built.

Tabular array A
wall material	kg/sq. meter per centimeter wall thickness
physical block	90
stabilized earth	125
sand-cement block	75
adobe	125
stone/stone	150

(c) Multiply the number you find in Table A by the thickness of the building'due south walls. The result will

be the weight of 1 sq. meter of wall; enter it in the correct place in Equation ii:

Equation 2

(d) Next, multiply the length of the longest wall in meters by its height. The answer will be the number of sq. meters in the wall. Enter this figure in the correct place in Equation

Equation 2

(east) Compute the weight of the longest wall based on the figures you accept entered in Equation ii in steps two(c) and 2(d).

STEP 3. Estimate the weight of the roof supported by the longest wall.

Equation 1

(a) Employ the post-obit equation to approximate the weight of the roof supported by the longest wall:

Equation3

(b) Use Tabular array 8 to discover the estimated weight of the roof per sq. meter. If yous are in doubt about the roof-way planned, employ the figure on the table for apartment roofs. Enter the figure you find in Tabular array B in Equation 3:

Table B
Roof mode	Roof load per sq. m
pitched	170 kg
flat	190 kg

Equation 3

Weight of roof supported by longest wall = weight of roof per sq. meter � number of sq. meters in roof

(c) Next, multiply the length of the roof by its width. If the roof has not been planned withal, assume that it will exist 1 meter longer and i meter wider than the edifice. The answer will be the number of square meters in the roof. Enter this figure in the correct place in Equation 3:

Equation 3

(d) Compute the weight of roof supported by the longest wall using the figures you lot accept entered in Equation 3 in steps 3(b) and 3(c).

STEP 4. Enter the figures you calculated in steps 1, ate), and iii(c) in Equation 1, and calculate the weight of the building per square meter:

Equation i

STEP 5. Finally, compare the building's weight per foursquare meter with the weight - bearing capacity of the soil at the site indicated in Table C.

Tabular array C
Type of soil	Weight-bearing capacity (kg/sq.1000)
Soft, black, drained marsh, or "make full"	4,900 - 10,000
Gravel, sand	29,400
Hard - packed clay	58,800
Rock	156,000

Weight per square meter

SAMPLE Adding OF A BUILDING'S WEIGHT PER Foursquare METER

Here is a step-past-footstep sample of how the weight of a building would be estimated, following the procedure outlined on pages 202-205.

Assume that the edifice pictured above is planned to exist 7.five meters long and 2.4 meters loftier along its longest wall; assume also that the walls will exist made of 20cm thick sand-cement blocks, and that the roof will be viii.7 meters long and 3 meters broad, with a pitched design. If the site selected for the edifice is soft, nighttime soil that can back up 4,900 kg/sq. meter, can the building be synthetic as planned?

Here are the calculations:

Equation 1

Weight per square meter = [ weight of longest wall (kg) + weight of roof supported past longest wall (kg) ] / length of longest wall

STEP ane. Enter the length of the longest wall in Equation 1:

Equation ane

STEP 2. Summate the weight of the longest wall.

(a) Apply Equation ii:

(b) Use Table A, page 203, to find the wall's weight per square meter for every centimeter of wall thickness.

The building's walls volition be made of sand-cement blocks which Tabular array A says weigh 75 kg/aq. meter for every centimeter of wall thickness.

(c) Multiply the effigy you find in Table A by the thickness of the building's walls. The upshot will be the weight of 1 foursquare meter of wall. Enter this answer in the right place in Equation two.

The sand-cement blocks that will exist used will be 20cm thick. So a wall made of these blocks volition weigh 75 kg/sq. meter x 20cm thick = 1500 kg/foursquare meter.

Entering this answer in Equation two:

(d) Multiply the length of the longest wall in meters by its elevation and enter the result in the correct place in Equation ii.

The longest wall of the edifice will exist 7.five meters long and 2.iv meters high. 7.5 x 2.four = 18 square meters.

Entering this answer in Equation 2:

(e) Compute the weight of the longest wall based on the figures you lot have entered in Equation 2 in steps 2(c) and ii(d).

1500 kg/sq. meter ten 18 sq. meters = 27,000 kg. Inbound this upshot in Equation 1:

STEP 3. Estimate the weight of the roof supported by the longest wall.

(a) Use Equation three:

Equation 3

(b) Use Table B. page 204, to find the estimated weight of the roof per square meter. Enter this figure in the correct place in Equation 3.

The roof is planned with a pitched roof that Table B says will weigh about 170 kg/sq. meter.

Entering this respond in Equation 3:

(c) Multiply the length of the roof by its height to find the number of square meters of roof space planned. Enter this figure In the right place in Equation 3.

The roof is planned to be 3 meters wide and 8.7 meters long. am x 8.7m = 26.ane square meters.

Inbound this answer in Equation 3:

(d) Compute the weight of roof supported by the longest wall using the figures y'all have entered in Equation 3 in steps 3(b) and 3(c).

170 kg/sq. meter 10 26.1 sq. meters = four,437 kg. Entering this result in Equation ane:

Stride 4. Calculate the weight of the edifice per square meter, using the figures you lot calculated in steps 1, 2(eastward), and 3(c) and Equation 1.

The building volition weigh approximately 4,191 kg/sq. meter.

STEP five. Compare the building's estimated weight/square meter with the weight-bearing capacity of the soil at the site. Use Table C, page 205.

According to Table C, the weight-bearing capacity of the soft, dark soil at this site is four,900 kg/sq. meter. Since this building will weigh merely 4,191 kg/sq. meter, the building can exist built safely at this site.

To determine whether the soil at whatever proposed site will support a planned building, all the builder needs to do is substitute the figures for his/her edifice and site in the step-by-footstep equations on pages 202-205, every bit shown.

Footstep-by-footstep directions for cartoon foundation plans

Two kinds of drawings are important aids to help the field worker and community members visualize their foundation plans and check their progress during structure:

• a cantankerous-section view of the basis and foundation wall; and

• a view from above of the basis and foundation wall measurements.

When a community group is ready to begin construction of the foundation, it's a skilful idea to assist them build a modest demonstration section of footing and foundation wall that they can use forth with these drawings to check their progress. The sit-in section will aid everyone see what they have planned to practise; at the same time, it will give them exercise in the construction techniques and skills they must use on the bodily foundation.

DRAWING A CROSS-SECTION VIEW OF THE FOUNDATION

Drawing a cantankerous-section view of the foundation is uncomplicated. Here are examples of a cross-section for a stone foundation and for a block foundation wall. Both drawings show concrete footings likewise:

Rock foundation wall

Cartoon Basis AND FOUNDATION MEASUREMENTS (VIEW FROM Above)

Cartoon the foundation measurements as they would look from above is also simple.

Hither are step-past-stride instructions for drawing the foundation measurements of a sample building:

1. Depict a solid line representing the exterior dimensions of the walls of the edifice, This line will too stand for the outside dimensions of the foundation wall.

Exterior wall

ii. Draw a second solid line within the first one to correspond the inside dimensions of the building'south walls. This line volition too represent the inside dimensions of the foundation wall. The space between the two lines should be exactly the width of the planned walls to calibration.

The space between the ii lines

3. Subtract the width of the wall from the planned width of the foundation footing. Divide the residual in two and convert the reply into the scale dimension being used in the cartoon. This figure represents the distance between the inner side of the wall and the inner side of the foundation basis.

iv. Draw a dotted line within the drawing of the walls. This line represents the inner dimension of the basis. The space between it and the within solid line (step #ii) should be exactly the distance calculated in step #three.

Inside edge of footing

5. Draw a dotted line outside the drawing of the walls. This line represents the outer dimension of the footing. The space between information technology and the outside solid line (step #1) should be exactly the distance calculated in step #3.

With of footing

half dozen. On either side of the drawing's length, add together a solid line exactly as long as the longest wall (that is, the longest outer solid line).

vii. On either side of the drawing'southward width, add a solid line exactly as long as the longest wall (that is, the longest outer solid line).

Length and weight

8. Place a mark along each line from steps #half dozen-seven wherever the outer wall turns a corner. Indicate the bodily length of each straight section of wall.

Place a mark along each line

nine. Exterior the lines drawn in steps #6-7, draw two more solid lines exactly equally long as the length and width of the outer dotted line. Marking these lines to indicate the actual length of each straight section of foundation footing.

x. Underneath the completed drawing, write down what the ground and foundation wall will be made of and their cross-section dimensions.

xi. The completed drawing is an actual scale cartoon showing the trenches that must exist dug for the footing and the dimensions of the foundation walls.

Complet foundation plans

Estimating the corporeality of physical needed for a floor

To gauge the amount of concrete needed for a floor, apply the following equation and table:

Equation

Table. SUGGESTED THICKNESS OF Physical FLOORS

Purpose of Floor	Thickness (m)
School, Dispensary, Firm	.100
Garage (for vehicles)	.125
Farm storage (heavy equipment)	.150

Stride 1. Find the thickness of the concrete layer that should be used for your edifice in the tabular array, Enter this figure in the Equation:

Step 2, Multiply the length of your building past its width to find out what floor space it will take. Enter this figure in the Equation:

STEP 2. Multiply the length of your edifice by its width to find out what floor infinite information technology will have. Enter this figure in the Equation:

Cubic meters of physical needed for floor = thickness of physical layer (m) ten floor area (sq. meters)

Effigy

In cases where the building volition not be a simple rectangle, the total floor area tin be determined by multiplying the length and width of each separate room and and so adding the areas of all rooms together.

Sample Adding:

Flooring area Room ane	= 2m x ii.0m	= 4.0 sq. m
Floor area Room 2	= 1m x 1.5m	= 1.5 sq. m
Flooring area Room 3	= 1m x 1.0m	= 1.0 sq. 1000
Total Floor Area		= half-dozen.five sq. thousand

In round buildings, the floor area will be the radius of the edifice squared times 3.14. The radius is the distance from the exterior of a circle to its center.

Sample Adding:

Floor Area	= Radius (2m) x Radius (2m) ten 3.14
	= 4 sq. meters x 3.14
	= 12.56 sq. meters

Adding area

Footstep 3. Enter the answers you found in steps 1 and 2 in the Equation and multiply them. The answer will stand for the number of cubic meters of concrete that must be purchased or made for the flooring.

Sample Calculation (using figures for circular dispensary shown to a higher place)

Cubic meters of concrete needed for floor	= thickness of concrete layer (yard) � floor expanse (sq. meters )
	= .10m x 12.56 sq. meters
	= 1.256 cubic meters

Estimating materials needed to build walls

This department gives step-by-pace directions for computing the materials needed to build three types of wall: poured concrete, rammed earth, and brick/block.

POURED Physical AND RAMMED EARTH

To determine how much poured concrete or rammed earth he/she needs, the builder must calculate how many cubic meters of material information technology will take to "fill up" the wall space.

Use the following equation:

Equation .

Cubic meters of textile needed for one wall = thickness of wall (meters) � wall area (sq. meters)

Poured concrete / rammed earth form

STEP one. Decide how thick the wall will exist (see page 34 for a discussion of what to consider when planning wall thickness}. Enter this figure in the right part of the equation.

STEP 2. Calculate the wall area in square meters by multiplying the wall's length by its width.

Step 3. Multiply the answers you found in steps 1 and 2. The result will be the cubic meters of concrete or rammed globe you will demand to build that one wall.

Pace iv. Repeat steps 1 through three for each wall of the edifice.

Stride 5. Add the cubic meters of concrete or rammed globe needed for all the walls of the building. The consequence will exist the total number of cubic meters of concrete or rammed earth y'all will need for the building.

Calculating Bags of Cement Needed for a Concrete Wall

Builders who programme to purchase the cement for their concrete need to know how many sacks or bags of cement to buy. Once you have determined how many cubic meters of concrete yous will need, finding the number of numberless of cement is easy: just await the answer up in Table iii, in Appendix iv (page 222). To use the tabular array, first, discover the concrete mixture you plan to use. In the case of walls, the mixture would be 1:two iii/4 :4 The table will and then tell you how many cubic meters of concrete you lot will become from one sack of cement. Divide the number of cubic meters of concrete you plan to utilize past the corporeality you would go from one sack. The reply will be the number of sacks of cement y'all need to buy.

Computing Wheelbarrowsful of Rammed Globe or Concrete Needed

Many builders desire to know how many wheelbarrows full of concrete or rammed world they must bring to the construction site for wall construction: this data gives them an idea of how much work volition exist involved.

The number of wheelbarrowsful needed can be estimated by following these steps:

• Build a form exactly i cubic meter in size and count how many wheelbarrowsful of rammed earth or physical it takes to make full the form.

• Multiply this number by the total cubic meters of material that are needed for construction (from Stride 5, folio 216). Your reply will tell you how many wheelbarrowsful are needed.

BLOCK AND BRICK WALLS

To estimate the number of blocks or bricks needed to build a wall, follow these steps:

STEP ane. Calculate the wall expanse in square meters past multiplying the wall's length past its width.

STEP 2. Annotation downwardly the nominal size of the cake face. The nominal face of a cake is the acme and length of the block surface visible in the wall after the block is laid.

Cake and brick walls

Step iii. Utilize the table below to discover how many blocks or bricks of the size you plan to utilize are needed to build i square meter of wall surface.

Guess NUMBER OF BLOCKS OR BRICKS REQUIRED TO BUILLD 1 Foursquare METER WALL SURFACE

Nominal Size of Face (cm)	Number of Blocks or Bricks Needed
7,5 x 20	65
10.0 x 30	32,5
thirteen.25 10 thirty	25
15,0 x xxx	22
xx,0 ten xxx	16,5
15,0 ten forty	16,5
20.0 10 xl	12,5
fifteen,0 x 60	eleven

STEP 4. Multiply the number you plant in the table past the number of square meters of wall surface you found in step 1, The event will be the approximative number of blocks or bricks needed to build the wall,

Sample Calculation:

How many blocks would information technology take to build a wall with 17 square meters surface area using blocks with a nominal face 15cm x 30cm?

The table shows that 22 15cm x 30cm blocks are needed to build i foursquare meter of wall area.

17 sq. meters ten 22 blocks/sq. meter = 374 blocks

Pace v. Echo steps 1 through four for each wall of the building and add together the results. The full will correspond the number of blocks or bricks you must buy or make for the walls.

Annotation: Any gauge of the number of blocks/bricks needed for a building's walls arrived at through this method will include extra blocks, since the space taken by window and door openings is treated as though it were filled in with blocks. Generally it is a good idea to purchase or make these extra blocks. This will requite y'all a margin of error for wasted or broken blocks.

Calculating Mortar Quantities

The corporeality of mortar needed to bond the blocks/bricks for a building depends on the number of blocks/bricks and their size. To calculate the corporeality of mortar needed for lam thick mortar joints, follow these steps:

• Split the number of blocks needed for the edifice by 100, For example, if the building requires 1,536 blocks, 1536 . 100 = 15.36.

• Employ the table below to observe the cubic meters of mortar needed to lay 100 blocks. For instance, if the nominal size of the blocks used will be 10cm ten 20cm ten 40cm, .073 cubic meters of mortar would be needed to lay every 100 blocks.

• Multiply the answers institute in the above steps. For instance, if one,536 blocks of nominal size 10cm ten 20cm x 40cm are needed for a edifice's walls, multiply 15.36 x .073. 15.36 x .073 = 1.12 cubic meters of mortar. Tabular array 7 in Appendix 5 (page 224) may be used to determine how much cement, lime, and sand y'all will need to brand the mortar required for whatever edifice.

QUANTITIES OF MORTAR REQUIRED TO LAY 100 BLOCKS/BRICKS (Mortar for Joints 1cm Thick Including 25% Allowance for Waste)

Nominal Size of Blocks/Bricks (cm)	Cubic Meters of Mortar
x x thirteen,25 x 30	.053
15 x 13,25 x thirty	.053
20 x 13,25 x xxx	.067
x ten 15 x 30	.065
fifteen ten 15 10 30	.065
20 10 15 x 30	.070
ten x 20 x 30	.061
xv x twenty x 30	.061
twenty 10 twenty x 30	.076
10 x twenty x 40	.073
15 x 20 ten 40	.073
20 x 20 ten 40	.092
25 10 xx ten twoscore	.092
30 ten xx x 40	.092
15 x 15 x 60	.092
xx 10 15 10 threescore	.115
25 x 15 x sixty	.115
thirty x xv x 60	.115

Reference tables for concrete construction

Table 1

Recommended	Thickness of Concrete Slabs (cm)
Basement floors for dwellings	10
Porch floors	x-12.5
Stock befouled floors	12.5-15
Poultry house floors	10
Pig firm floors	10
Milk house floors	10
Granary floors	12.v
Implement shed floors	15
Tile floor bases	six.25

TABLE 2

Quantities of Materials Required to Build Ane Cubic Meter of Concrete (for Aggregates two.5 Centimeters or Less)

Mixtures	Barrels of Cement	Cubic Meters of Sand	Cubic Meters of Stone
1:1:1�	three.56	.twoscore	.lx
one:1:two	iii.23	.36	.73
1:one:2�	2.90	.33	.81
1:1:3	2.64	.thirty	.89
ane:1�:ii	three.04	.43	.68
1:ane�:iii	2.44	.42	.84
i:13/4:2	2.75	.54	.62
1:1 3/4:ii�	2.64	.51	.67
one: ane iii/4:ii 3/iv	2.44	.47	.80
i:two:iii	2.24	.50	.77
ane:two:3�	two.07	.48	.83
ane:2:four	1.95	.44	.88
1:2:5	one.73	.39	•97
1 :ii�:2�	2.32	.59	.65
1 :2�:3	2.18	.55	.74
1 :2�:4	one.91	.48	.86
1:ii�:5	1.68	.42	.94
ane:2�:3	2.11	.59	.71
one :2�:3�	ane.98	.56	.78
ane:2�:4	i.82	.51	.82
1:2�:4�	1.82	.48	.87
1:2�:five	i.62	.46	.91
1:2 3/four ;4	one.74	.54	.79
1:3:4	1.66	.56	.75
ane:three:v	1.49	.51	.84
ane:3:six	1.36	.46	.92

TABLE iii

Volume of Concrete Construction per Sack of Cement (for Aggregates Non Larger than ii.5

Centimeters)

Concrete Mixtures	Cubic Meters of Concrete Per Sack of Cement	Physical Mixtures	Cubic Meters of Concrete Per Sack of Cement
ane:1:1�	.07	1:2�:2�	.10
1:one:2	.08	one:two�:3	.12
1:ane:2�	.09	i:two�:four	.thirteen
1:1:three	.ten	1:2�:5	.15
1:i�:ii	.08	1:2�:iii	.12
ane:ane�:3	.x	one:2�:3�	.13
1:one 3/4:2�	.10	ane:two�:iv	.xiv
1:1 �:2�	.10	ane:2�:4�	.xv
1:1 3/4:2 3/4	.10	1:2�:5a	.fifteen
1:2:three	.11	1:2:three/4:4	.14
1:ii:3�	.12	ane:iii:4	.fourteen
ane:ii:4	.thirteen	1:three:five	.17
1:ii:5	.14	i:3:vi	.eighteen

TABLE 4

Suitable Mixtures for Various Concrete Construction Projects

	Concrete Mixture
Floors
. I Grade	1:one 3/4:4
. Heavy Duty, One Course	ane:i:ii
. Subcontract Buildings	1:2�:three
Foundation Walls and Footings	1:two 3/four:4
Basement Walls	1:two�:4
Tanks	i:2:3
Debate Posts	i:i:1�
Retaining Walls	1:2:three�
Undiscriminating Pavements	i:3:5
Lintels	one:2:4
Axle Filling	one:3:four
Silo Pits	i:2�:3
Steps	1:2�:three

TABLE v

Approximate Number of Bricks Required to Build 10 Square Meters of Exterior Wall Surface

(Mortar joints 1.25cm thick)

Wall Thickness (cm)	(Nominal) Size of Brick (cm)
	6.5 x 10 ten 20	vii.5 x x x 20	10 x x x 20	5.half dozen ten 9.4 10 twenty
10	730	650	485	665
20	1455	1300	970	1330
thirty	2075	1950	1455	1995
40	2910	2600	1940	2660

Tabular array 6

Mortar Required to Lay yard Bricks With 1.25cm Mortar Joints (10% Allowance for Waste matter Included)

NOMINAL SIZE OF BRICK: 10cm x 6.5cm x 20cm 10cm x 7.5cm 10 20cm 10cm 10 10cm x 20m

WALL THICKNESS

10cm*	.32 cu. meters	.33 cu. meters	.36 cu. meters
20cm	.42 cu. meters	.44 cu. meters	.50 cu. meters
30cm**	.45 cu. meters	.47 cu. meters	.55 cu. meters

* Figures for 10cm thick walls include mortar for bed and stop Joints only.

** Figures for 20cm and 30cm thick walls include bed and end articulation mortar plus mortar for the vertical joints needed in double brick walls.

Table 7

Materials Required To Brand 0,10 Cubic Meters of Mortar

Mortar Mixtures By Volume one part cement	50kg Sacks of Cement	25kg Sacks of Hydrated Lime or Clay Mortar	Cubic Meters of Sand
� function clay mortar	nine.79	4.eleven	0.75
3 parts sand
1 role cement
� part hydrated lime	vii.93	1.33	0.64
3 parts sand
1 part cement
1 part hydrated lime	iv.23	two.89	0.69
6 parts sand
1 office masonry cement	8.73		0.68
3 parts sand

Metric measurements used in this transmission and their U.S. equivalents

LENGTH

i meter (m) = 39.37 inches = iii.28 feet = i.31 yards

one centimeter (cm) = 0.01 meters = 0.3937 inches

1 foot = 0.3048 meters

1 grand = 0.9144 meters

i inch = 2.54 centimeters

AREA

1 square meter = 10.76 square feet

(sq. thousand)

1 square foot = 0.3048 sg. Meters = 929 sq. centimeters

Book

1 cubic meter = 1.308 cubic yards

(cu. yard)

ane cubic 1000 = 0.7646 cu. meters

WEIGHT

ane kilogram (kg) = 2.2046 pounds

1 pound = 0.4536 kilograms

Sources of further data

Notation: Wherever possible, the address through which copies of the following sources may exist obtained has been listed. Several manuals are unpublished material that may but be plant in Peace Corps files. Questions virtually these materials should be sent to:

Peace Corps

Information Collection & Commutation

806 Connecticut Artery, N.West.

Washington, D.C. 20525

United states of america

BAMBOO:

1. McClure, F.A., Bamboo as a Building Material. U.Southward. Dept. of Agronomics, Foreign Agriculture Service, 1970. Write to:

Dept. of Housing and Urban Affairs

Division of International Affairs

Washington, D.C. 20410 United states

2. United Nations Dept. of Economic and Social Affairs. The Use of Bamboo and Reeds in Building Construction. Publication ST/SOA/113. Refer to sales # Due east.72.IV.3 and write to:

United Nations Sales Section

New York, New York United states

Concrete Structure AND REINFORCED Physical COLUMNS:

iii. Brann, Donald R. Concrete Work Simplified, Revised Edition, Directions Simplified, Inc., 1971. Write to:

Directions Simplified, Inc.

Easi-Build Design Co., Inc.

529 Due north State Route

Briarcliff Manor, New York 10510 USA

4. Dalzell, James Ralph and Gilbert Townsend. Concrete Block Construction for Home and Farm. American Technical Club, Chicago, 1957. Write to:

American Technical Society

5608 Stony Island Avenue

Chicago, Illinois 60637 USA

v. Davies, John Duncan. Structural Concrete. MacMillan and Co., New York, 1964. Write to:

MacMillan Publishing Co., Inc.

Riverside, New Jersey 08075 USA

6. Gibson, J. Herbert. Concrete Design and Construction. American Technical Order, Chicago, 1951. Write to same address as #4 on folio 226.

seven. Putnam, Robert. Concrete Block Construction, tertiary Edition. American Technical Gild, Chicago, 1973. Write to same address as #4 on page 226.

8. Randall, Frank A. Jr. and William C. Panarese. Concrete Masonry Handbook. Portland Cement Clan, 1976. Write to:

Portland Cement Clan

Quondam Orchard Route

Skokie, Illinois 60076 USA

nine. Waddell, Joseph J. Concrete Structure Handbook, 2nd Edition, McGraw Loma Co., New York, 1974. Write to:

McGraw Hill Book Co.

1221 Avenue of the Americas

New York, New York 10036 USA

x. Winter, George. Design of Physical Structures, 8th Edition. McGraw Loma Co., New York 1972. Write to same address every bit #9 above.

FOUNDATIONS AND FOUNDATION DESIGNS:

11. Brann, Donald R. Forms, Footings, Foundations, Framing. Directions Simplified, Inc., 1974. Write to aforementioned address as #3, page 226.

12. Carson, Arthur Brinton. Foundation Construction. McGraw Hill Co., New York, 1965. Write to same address as #ix above.

13. Chellis, Robert Dunning. Pile Foundations, 2d Edition. McGraw Colina Co., New York, 1961. Write to same address as #9 above.

14. Ulrey, Harry R. Carpenters and Builders Library: Layouts, Foundations, Framing. Theodore Audel & Co., Indiannapolis, 1974. Write to:

Bobb-Merrill Co. Inc.

4300 W 62nd Street

Indiannapolis, Indiana 46268 Us

Block AND BRICK Structure {MASONRY):

fifteen. Boudreau, Eugene H. Making the Adobe Brick. Fifth-Street Printing, New York, 1971. Write to:

Bookworks

Random House, Inc.

457 Hahn Road

Westminster, Maryland 21157 USA

16. Busch, Lawrence. Construction With Pressed Earth Block (Togo). Peace Corps: write to address on pinnacle of folio 226.

17. Dalzell, J. Ralph. Simplified Masonry Planning and Building. McGraw Hill, New York, 1953. Write to same accost as #9 higher up.

xviii. Dixon, Michael. Field Manual for Product of Bricks in a Rural Area (Islamic republic of pakistan). Peace Corps: write to address on pinnacle of page 226.

xix. Frankly, Lee. The Masonry House: Step-by-Pace Construction in Tile and Brick. Duell, Sloan, and Pearce, New York, 1950. No accost available.

20. Ray, J. Edgar. Revised by Harold Five. Johnson. The Art of Bricklaying. Charles A. Bennett Co., 1971. Write to:

Charles A. Bennett Co., Inc.

809 Due west Detweiller Drive

Peoria, Illinois 61614 USA

21. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Building With Adobe and Stabilized Earth Blocks. Dept. of Agriculture Leaflet No. 2535. Write to U.Southward. Dept. of Agriculture, Independence Avenue, Washington, D.C. N.W. USA

Wood-FRAME Construction:

22. Anderson, Leroy Oscar. How to Build a Forest-Frame Firm. Dover Press, 1973. (Reissue of the revised 1970 Edition of the U.S. Dept. of Agriculture Handbook No. 73, originally pulbished by Regime Printing Office under the title of Wood-Frame Firm Construction.) Write to same accost as #21 in a higher place, or to:

Dover Publications, Inc.

180 Varick Streeet

New York, New York 10014 USA

23. Anderson, Leroy Oscar. Low-Cost Wood Homes for Rural America: Construction Manual. U.S. Dept. of Agronomics Handbook No. 364. Write to same address as #21 to a higher place.

24. Blackburn, Graham. Illustrated Housebuilding. Overlook Printing, 1974. Write to:

Overlook Press

c/o Viking Press

625 Madison Artery

New York, New York 10022 The states

25. Brann, Donald R. How to Build an Addition. Directions Simplified, Inc., 1975. Write to same address as #3, folio 226.

LATRINES:

26. Karlin, Barry. Thailand'south Water-Seal Privy Program: A Procedural and Technical Review. U.S.O.Yard., Korat, Thailand. Write to the Peace Corps at the accost on top of page 226, or to the writer at:

American Public Health Association

1015 18th Street, N.W.

Washington, D.C. USA

27. Wagner, Edmund G. and J.N. Lanoix. Excreta Disposal for Rural Areas and Small-scale Communities. World Health Organisation, Geneva, 1958. Write to:

Q Corporation

49 Sheridan Artery

Albany New York, 12210

System AND Management OF SELF-HELP Construction GROUPS:

28. Peace Corps (Jamaica). Manual for Supervising Cocky-Help Abode Construction with Stablilized Globe Blocks. Write to address on peak of page 226.

29. Warner, Jack R. Handbook of Construction: Peace Corps Grooming Manual. Longmans Green and Co., London. Write to address on top of page 226.

ESTIMATING Construction MATERIALS AND COSTS:.

30. Cooper, F. Building Construction Estimating. McGraw Colina Co., 1959. Write to same address as #9 on page 227.

GENERAL Construction

31. Alcock, A.Due east.S. and Richards. How to Build: Setting Out. Longmans Co., London, 1960. Write to:

Longmans, Inc.

19 Due west 44th Street

Suite 1012

New York, New York 10036 USA

32. Due east Islamic republic of pakistan (Bangladesh) Public Works. Building Pattern Manual. Dacca, 1965. Write to address on top of page 226.

33. Fullerton, Richard L. Building Construction in Warm Climates, Volumes ane and 2. Oxford Tropical Handbooks, Oxford University Press, London, 1967. Write to:

Oxford Academy Press, Inc.

200 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10016 USA

34. Intermediate Applied science Grouping. Intermediate Technology Series: Manual on Building Construction. Parnell House, London. Write to:

Intermediate Technology Group

Parnell House

London, ENGLAND

35. Peace Corps (Togo). Structure Handbook: In-Country Training. Peace Corps, 1974. Write to address on top of folio 226.

36. Ulrey, Harry F. Carpenters and Builders Library: Tools, Steel Square, Joinery. Theodore Audel & Co., Indiannapolis, 1974. Write to same accost equally #14, page 227.

37. U.S. Dept. of Housing and Urban Evolution, Role of International Affairs. Como Fabricar Una Casa Usanda. Tecnica Ayuda Propia. Government Printing Office, 1974. Write to aforementioned address as #ane, page 226, or to:

U.Due south. Government Printing Office

N Capitol Street, Due north.W.

Washington, D.C. USA

''Homo measuring pieces'' for designing room size and floor plan

Human measuring pieces
Man measuring pieces - continue i
Human measuring pieces - continue two
Planning pieces

scottduritat.blogspot.com

Source: http://www.nzdl.org/cgi-bin/library?e=d-00000-00---off-0hdl--00-0----0-10-0---0---0direct-10---4-------0-1l--11-en-50---20-about---00-0-1-00-0-0-11----0-1-&cl=CL1.16&d=HASH0120e3be1fcef504939676c2.9.2>=1